PHC Prep Instructors

All Patrick Henry College Preparatory Academy instructors are bible-believing Christians, committed to helping their students grow spiritually as well as academically.

Each PHC Prep online course has both a Master Teacher and a Classroom Teacher. The Master Teacher is the vision behind the course and its AP-approved syllabus, who personally designs and creates course content and oversees the progress of the course during the year. Many are Patrick Henry College faculty members, and all are highly qualified in their respective fields. Each Classroom Teacher is a fully qualified instructor with a degree and specific knowledge that leads your student to success—and a heart to help your student individually improve and grow, while thriving in the online environment.

To read more about the instructors for a particular course, simply click on that course, then click on the instructor’s name.

    AP Calculus AB

    Master Teacher: Tom Larry, PhD

    McGovern Master Teacher

    Tom Larry, PhD

    PhD, Wayne State University
    BS, University of Michigan


    Tom Larry received a Bachelor of Science degree in physics from the University of Michigan in 1970 and a doctorate in physics from Wayne State University in 1979. He is currently chief scientist/electromagnetics (EM) with Toyon Research Corporation, a defense contractor. He has been with Toyon since January of 1990.

    Dr. Larry has over 30 years of experience in applying advanced mathematics to the physical modeling of scattering and propagation phenomena involving acoustic, electromagnetic, optical, and nuclear systems. Particular emphasis has been on EM control and observables technologies. He has developed a number of computational codes for electromagnetic analysis as well as software for performing optimization/design analyses on RF systems such as antennas and their associated subsystems. For the last 20 years he has been pursuing methods and techniques for the RF control of antenna apertures. He holds three patents in this area.

    Dr. Larry believes in Jesus Christ. He is married to Suzanne and has a stepdaughter and two sons. He has been a homeschooling Dad for almost 10 years. Dr. Larry teaches math and science classes in his home, and is interested in helping Christian young people develop science and analysis skills that will help them contribute significantly and professionally to our modern technological society.


    Classroom Teacher: Rebecca Darby

    McGovern Classroom Teacher

    Rebecca Darby

    BA, Florida Atlantic University


    Rebecca graduated with honors from Florida Atlantic University in 1991, acquiring a B.A. in Mathematics along the way. Since then, she has spent the past 18 years passionately and persistently teaching secondary mathematics. Throughout her years of teaching, she has had the opportunity to teach math at all levels from grades 6 through 12, and has tutored extensively in both regular courses and SAT Prep. Currently, Rebecca teaches secondary mathematics and serves as Mathematics Department Head at Calvary Christian Academy.

    Rebecca and her husband, John, currently reside in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. When she is not actively involved in stomping out mathematical ignorance, she enjoys reading, singing, and good conversation.

    AP English Language and Composition

    Master Teacher: Erin Brown Conroy, MA

    McGovern Master Teacher

    Erin Brown Conroy, MA

    MA, Western Michigan University
    BA, Western Michigan University

    Erin Brown Conroy is a professional writer who has taught composition and research for the Patrick Henry College Distance Learning program since 2007. She has authored five books (including 20 Secrets to Success with Your Child, “My Kid Is Driving Me Crazy!” 14 Realistic Expectations That Make Parenting Easier, 40 Days to Balanced Parenting, and Miracle in the City of Angels) and numerous materials regarding mastery education, parenting, and healthy living—including the new book Simplified Writing 101: Tips, Tricks, and Requisites for College Success. Before teaching for Patrick Henry College, Professor Brown Conroy taught research and composition for nine years with Cornerstone University’s Professional and Graduate Studies Division, both online and in the classroom for associate, bachelor, and master’s students.

    In addition to creating reading and writing curricula, Professor Brown Conroy continues to write both nonfiction and fiction books and is a member of the Society for Children’s Book Writers and Illustrators, the American Christian Fiction Writers Association, and Romance Writers of America. She is also a member of the American Association of Christian Counselors and speaks nationally regarding parenting, homeschooling, and women’s health (see www.erinbrownconroy.com).

    Professor Brown Conroy and her husband, Shawn, are parents of 13 children and live in Michigan, where they homeschool their five children still living at home.


    Classroom Teacher: Aubrey Heki

    McGovern Classroom Teacher

    Aubrey Heki

    BA, Patrick Henry College


    Aubrey Heki is a recent graduate of Patrick Henry College with a BA in Political Theory, a major that furnished her with ample opportunities to sharpen her skills as a writer.

    Through her studies, she has come to further appreciate capturing the beauty of
    transcendent truth through the written word. Prior to studying on campus in the fall
    of 2007, she spent two years in PHC’s Campus @ Home distance learning program,
    completing most of her required core courses online. Because of her experience as
    a distance-learning student, she is cognizant of the delight and challenge involved in
    replicating a “classroom” environment online.

    With one year’s experience as the Classroom Teacher for the AP English Language
    and Composition course, her passion is to equip students with the ability to formulate
    thoughts concisely, persuasively, and to glorify the Creator through writing. In previous
    years, she has taught and evaluated writing both in the classroom and online. While
    in high school, she gained classroom experience as a teacher’s assistant for a high
    school debate class. Additionally, she taught a junior and senior high writing class
    for homeschooled students, using writing curricula to develop the coursework. For
    one year, she participated as a writing mentor in PHC’s Writing Mentorship program,
    offering feedback to help students improve their writing.

    Aubrey resides with her husband, Jason, in Purcellville, VA. During her spare hours, she
    enjoys reading, running, hiking, making sundry crafts, and chatting with friends over a
    cup of coffee.

    Classroom Teacher: Jennifer Booth

    Booth Classroom Teacher

    Jennifer Booth

    MDiv, Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary
    BA, Trinity College of Florida

    Jennifer Booth graduated from Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary in 2010 with a Master of Divinity degree in Advanced Biblical Studies. Her undergraduate degree from Trinity College of Florida is also in Biblical Studies. During her years of education, Jen has received recognition for her academic performance and writing ability. Jen has served as a research assistant and grader on both the undergraduate and graduate level. She has observed firsthand the education process as she assisted her professors in developing students’ writing. She has also taught in the certificate program of the College at Southeastern.

    Jen has grown to value the importance of a Christian worldview as well as a Christ-centered educational environment. She believes that all realms of study should be filtered through a biblical grid. By developing communication skills through language and composition, students sharpen their minds to think critically and hone their ability to communicate with power and precision.

    Jen lives in Raleigh, North Carolina with her husband, David, and their new son, Grayson.

    AP English Literature and Composition

    Master Teacher: Steven Hake, PhD

    McGovern Master Teacher

    Steven Hake, PhD

    PhD, Binghamton University
    MA, Yale University

    MDiv, Westminster Theological Seminary
    BA, Colby College

    Steven Hake is the only Patrick Henry College faculty member (with the exception of Michael Farris) to have taught at the college since its very beginning in 2000. He was the director of Rivendell Study Center in northern Pennsylvania for four years just prior to coming to PHC. He was a tent-making missionary to Taiwan for almost 20 years prior to that (1977–1996), teaching English literature in a large Chinese university for most of that time.

    Dr. Hake has nine children, four of whom are married. They span 26 years. He has seven grandchildren.

    Dr. Hake designed and launched the literature major at Patrick Henry. He directs that major and serves as chairman of the Department of Classical Liberal Arts. He is an avid reader and enjoys learning languages as a hobby. He regularly reads (with widely varying degrees of fluency!) the Bible in 10 languages.

    He is very interested in the culture-shaping mission of Patrick Henry College, and believes that we need to read the great books in order that some of us may one day write them.


    Classroom Teacher: Jennifer Schlaudt

    McGovern Classroom Teacher

    Jennifer Schlaudt

    BA, Patrick Henry College


    Jennifer Schlaudt graduated from Patrick Henry College in 2007 with a B.A. in Literature (magna cum laude). Her studies under Dr. Steven Hake afforded opportunities to read and analyze literary works, experiment with different types of writing, and complete an internship in proofreading and editing. Before her four semesters on the Patrick Henry College campus, she spent two years as an online student in PHC’s Campus @ Home program. Her high school education included AP coursework and a successful encounter with the English Literature & Composition exam.

    Since graduation, Jennifer has worked as an independent tutor, offering individualized assistance to middle school and high school students, in her local home school group and elsewhere. She has taught and graded writing in various forms—creative writing for middle school, essay writing for middle school, and essay writing for high school—along with other subjects such as Spanish, SAT Prep, and Christian worldview/apologetics. This is her second year to teach AP English Literature for PHC Prep Academy. She has also done consulting work as a proofreader/editor for a small textbook company.

    Jennifer currently resides in deep East Texas, where she seeks to serve her family and show Christ to her community through whatever opportunities the Lord brings her way. She loves encouraging and discipling others in the body of Christ and hopes to study flute and astronomy in her spare time this year.

    Classroom Teacher: Lisa McGovern, MA

    McGovern Master Teacher

    Lisa McGovern, MA

    MA, St. John’s College
    BA, Grove City College

    Lisa McGovern earned her undergraduate degree from Grove City College, and her master’s degree in Liberal Arts from St. John’s College in Annapolis, one of a handful of master’s programs in the country that follows the Great Books Program. For the past eleven years, she has been teaching high school English at Washington Christian Academy in the Maryland suburbs of Washington, D.C. She has been teaching AP English Literature and Composition for eight of those years, and will be a reader for the AP English Literature exam in June, 2011.

    In addition to teaching AP Literature, she teaches a Humanities/Literature survey course, and a general composition course. Although coaching students to succeed on the AP exam has been extremely satisfying, what has been equally satisfying for Mrs. McGovern is to work through the great works of the literary canon alongside students, grappling with the “big questions” of life that every person ultimately faces, and guiding them toward recognizing and appreciating the Good, the True, and the Beautiful, as evidenced via the written word.

    Mrs. McGovern appreciates the beauty and power of language, and enjoys using it as a medium to convey truth. Her article published in the spring 2011 volume of Christian Home & School magazine explores how reading great literature can instruct young people even in the formation of healthy relationships. In addition to teaching, Mrs. McGovern serves on the women’s ministry leadership team at her church. When she has some spare time, she loves reading even more great books, gardening with her husband, and spending time with her children.

    AP Macroeconomics

    Master Teacher: Melissa Muender, MA

    McGovern Master Teacher

    Melissa Muender, MA

    MA, University of North Carolina at Greensboro
    BA, University of North Carolina at Charlotte

    Melissa Muender, with a master’s degree in applied economics, has taught for Liberty University, the Art Institute of Pittsburgh Online, Eastern Shore Community College, Rowan Cabarrus Community College, and Central Piedmont Community College. She has worked as a consultant for the Wake Forest University School of Medicine and has scored for NJASK, CELLA, and CAHSEE with the Educational Testing Service.

    She has also homeschooled her two children. Melissa is privileged to be the pastor’s wife at Maranatha Baptist Church on the Eastern Shore of Virginia and has enjoyed participating in several mission projects around the world. She teaches Economics for the Citizen for the Patrick Henry College Distance Learning program.


    Classroom Teacher: Amy Raybould

    McGovern Classroom Teacher

    Amy Raybould

    BS, Liberty University


    Amy Raybould graduated magna cum laude with a Bachelor of Science degree in Business Economics from Liberty University and is currently completing her Master of Business Administration. During her studies, Amy has assisted in teaching all age groups ranging from four years old to undergraduate and graduate college students.

    She currently resides in New Jersey where she is able to be an example of Christ’s love to her friends and family. She has worked for Liberty University Online as the Director of Academic Advising and is currently working for TD Bank as a Credit Analyst.

    AP Microeconomics

    Master Teacher: Melissa Muender, MA

    McGovern Master Teacher

    Melissa Muender, MA

    MA, University of North Carolina at Greensboro
    BA, University of North Carolina at Charlotte

    Melissa Muender, with a master’s degree in applied economics, has taught for Liberty University, the Art Institute of Pittsburgh Online, Eastern Shore Community College, Rowan Cabarrus Community College, and Central Piedmont Community College. She has worked as a consultant for the Wake Forest University School of Medicine and has scored for NJASK, CELLA, and CAHSEE with the Educational Testing Service.

    She has also homeschooled her two children. Melissa is privileged to be the pastor’s wife at Maranatha Baptist Church on the Eastern Shore of Virginia and has enjoyed participating in several mission projects around the world. She teaches Economics for the Citizen for the Patrick Henry College Distance Learning program.


    Classroom Teacher: Amy Raybould

    McGovern Classroom Teacher

    Amy Raybould

    BS, Liberty University


    Amy Raybould graduated magna cum laude with a Bachelor of Science degree in Business Economics from Liberty University and is currently completing her Master of Business Administration. During her studies, Amy has assisted in teaching all age groups ranging from four years old to undergraduate and graduate college students.

    She currently resides in New Jersey where she is able to be an example of Christ’s love to her friends and family. She has worked for Liberty University Online as the Director of Academic Advising and is currently working for TD Bank as a Credit Analyst.

    AP Physics B (with Lab)

    Master Teacher: Michael Kucks, PhD

    McGovern Master Teacher

    Michael Kucks, PhD

    PhD, Lehigh University
    BS, Bucknell University

    Dr. Michael Kucks received his BS degree in Physics from Bucknell University in 1980 and began working at Litton Electron Tube Division in Williamsport Pennsylvania immediately thereafter. That position was in the radar tube (magnetron) R & D department designing military and commercial magnetrons and analyzing older models for failure modes. He then moved to Wavetek Rockland in northern New Jersey in their commercial frequency synthesizer design department. His work involved the development of a low noise voltage-controlled-oscillator for a broad band microwave synthesizer. That experience led him to KDI electronics in Whippany, New Jersey, where he continued to work developing military communications systems at microwave frequencies. In 1988, as the Cold War ended, he returned to graduate school to study Physics and begin a career in education. In 1994 he received his PhD in physics from Lehigh University with a specialization in polymer physics.

    Since then, he has taught physics, chemistry, and math in a variety of venues, including a private school in Annapolis, Maryland; Franklin & Marshall College; and Lehigh University. He has also developed an industrial electronics course and presented it to industry professionals around the country. Since arriving at Patrick Henry College in 2006, he has taught the core Physics course (including laboratory), Euclidean Geometry, and Statistics. Dr. Kucks finds that his industrial experience has been extremely beneficial in developing his teaching style and he enjoys looking for innovative ways to present challenging technical and scientific principles to students.


    Classroom Teacher: Isaiah Hess

    McGovern Classroom Teacher

    Isaiah Hess

    BS, Colorado School of Mines

    Isaiah Hess graduated from the Colorado School of Mines in 2011 with a B.S. in Engineering Physics (magna cum laude). As a physics major at the Colorado School of Mines (CSM), he studied a variety of physics topics, including classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, electricity and magnetism, general relativity, and sub-atomic particle physics, along with additional pure math topics. Isaiah’s studies in physics have continued to demonstrate to him the incredible orderliness and beauty in creation that could only be the result of the creative will of God, not evolutionary processes of any kind. Prior to attending CSM, Isaiah completed all of his pre-college education at home, including calculus and two years each of physics and chemistry.

    While this is Isaiah’s first foray into teaching high school and AP courses, this is not the first time he has been involved in course instruction. He has been a teaching assistant for three different classes in the Physics Department at CSM, including Physics 1 (Introductory Mechanics) and Physics 2 (Introductory E&M). He started as a teaching assistant in his freshman year at CSM. He became a lead teaching assistant for both Physics 1 and 2, overseeing lab sections and supervising other teaching assistants. Isaiah loves to teach science and math, and will take any opportunity that presents itself to share his knowledge of physics with others (including his five curious siblings). Isaiah wants to help other people learn physics and realize that physics may not be as intimidating as it seems.

    Isaiah currently resides in Colorado. He is involved in his community as much as possible, and has devoted most of those efforts to serving God in the political arena. Whenever he has spare time, Isaiah likes to expand his knowledge of physics; learn computer programming languages; discuss science, politics, and theology; and play a match or two of handball.

    AP U.S. Government and Politics

    Master Teacher: Frank Guliuzza, PhD

    McGovern Master Teacher

    Frank Guliuzza, PhD

    PhD, University of Notre Dame
    MDiv, Southern Baptist Theological Seminary
    MA, University of Wyoming
    BA, University of Wyoming

    Dr. Guliuzza is the Dean of Academic Affairs at Patrick Henry College and a professor of Government. He is a well-known scholar in the field of government. An expert in constitutional law, he has published widely on the First Amendment (including his book Over the Wall: Protecting Religious Expression in the Public Square), the separation of church and state, and the role of Christians in political activism.

    Dr. Guliuzza received the John S. Hinckley Award as the outstanding faculty member at Weber State University (2003). He was named Utah Professor of the Year by the Carnegie Foundation (2003). He has been recognized four times by the American Political Science Association for “Outstanding Teaching in Political Science” (2000, 2003, 2004, and 2008).

    Dr. Guliuzza previously served as President of the Pre-Law Advisors’ National Council and is on the executive boards of the American Mock Trial Association and the American Collegiate Moot Court Association (currently serving as ACMA President). A successful moot court and mock trial coach at Weber State and PHC, he is the co-coach of the two-time defending moot court champions and has led his teams into the top ten at the national mock trial tournaments, coaching scores of students who were either all-American or all-regional competitors. He has also taught at Wheaton College, the University of Minnesota, and Vassar College.

    Beyond his academic accomplishments, Dr. Guliuzza has extensive practical political experience. He was vice-chairman of the Utah Republican Party and ran for election to the United States Senate, though he was defeated by Orrin Hatch. At PHC, he advises students who plan to attend law school. In addition to coaching moot court and mock trial, he teaches classes at all levels for the Government major.


    Classroom Teacher: Sarah Hengemuhle

    Hengemuhle Classroom Teacher

    Sarah Hengemuhle

    MA, Georgetown University
    BA, Patrick Henry College

    Sarah Hengemuhle graduated with honors from Georgetown University in 2010 with a Master of Arts degree in Security Studies and magna cum laude with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Government with a Public Policy emphasis from Patrick Henry College (PHC) in 2004. Her graduate program included coursework in international security and mass media, intelligence policy and ethics, analytic and research methodologies, and economic drivers of terrorism as well as a number of experiences as a peer-reviewer, including a rigorous semester-long thesis seminar. She has worked as an analyst for federal and commercial entities since 2004. Sarah’s passion for critically analyzing her faith’s influence on her academic pursuits has influenced both her own scholarship and her desire to mentor others in this process. Sarah has experience tutoring, teaching and coaching in a variety of settings including coaching competitive gymnastics, teaching French to middle school students and tutoring her homeschooled siblings. She currently resides in Northern Virginia with her spouse where she enjoys sharing her love of Christ with her preschool Sunday school class and spending time with her dog.

    Classroom Teacher: Melanie Palazzo

    McGovern Classroom Teacher

    Melanie Palazzo

    BA, Liberty University


    Melanie Palazzo graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in Government with a concentration in Politics and Policy from Liberty University in 2006. Since then, she has been working in Washington D.C. in various government and non-profit offices. She currently lives in Virginia, and works in HSLDA’s Federal Relations department tracking federal legislation and lobbying on Capitol Hill.

    Melanie also helps with HSLDA’s Generation Joshua program, which trains teenagers to influence the political process and become this country’s next generation of Christian leaders.

    AP United States History

    Master Teacher: Robert Spinney, PhD

    McGovern Master Teacher

    Robert Spinney, PhD

    PhD and MA, Vanderbilt University
    BA, Harvard University

    Dr. Spinney teaches U.S. History classes at Patrick Henry College. He also teaches the upper-division historiography course for History majors that explores what it means to think Christianly about the study of history. Before coming to Purcellville in 2007, he served as a pastor in a Tennessee church while also teaching Patrick Henry College’s online history classes.

    Dr. Spinney has also taught at Trinity College (Deerfield, IL), Volunteer State Community College (Gallatin, TN), and The Valwood School and Open Bible Christian School (both in Valdosta, GA, and both junior and senior high schools). He has published two academic history books: World War II in Nashville: Transformation of the Homefront and City of Big Shoulders: A History of Chicago. He has also published ten ministry-related pamphlets with Tulip Books—pamphlets with titles like Did God Create Sports Also? Thinking Christianly About Sports; Monkeying Around With Dangerous Ideas: Four Reasons Outside the Field of Science Why Christians Should Reject Evolutionary Thinking; and Are You Legalistic? Grace, Obedience, and Antinomianism. God has given Rob and his wife Caroline five children, all of whom have been homeschooled.


    Classroom Teacher: Joanna Main

    McGovern Classroom Teacher

    Joanna Main

    BA, Patrick Henry College


    Joanna Main is a graduate of Patrick Henry College with a B. A. in Government-Public Policy (class of 2005).  United States History is one of her favorite subjects and a good historical biography can always be found in her reading pile.  She believes it is important to apply a biblical worldview when analyzing the events in our nation’s history. As a homeschooled graduate, she understands the benefits and challenges of learning in a non-traditional setting.  It is her desire to help students overcome these challenges and encourage them to be well-reasoned and articulate in a more traditional classroom setting.

    While completing her degree at PHC, Joanna interned for the National Center for Home Education and for Generation Joshua. After graduation, she continued to work for NCHE as a legislative assistant. These experiences, along with her coursework at PHC, afforded her many opportunities to improve her writing and editing skills. She is looking forward to providing assistance and feedback to students as they work to improve their own writing skills.

    Joanna currently lives in Thurmont, Maryland. She is a wife, homemaker, and mother to two wonderful children. She enjoys spending time with her family and friends, watching the Baltimore Orioles, running, eating ice cream, and finding a good deal.

    Classroom Teacher: Juli Schuttger

    McGovern Classroom Teacher

    Juli Schuttger

    BA, Patrick Henry College

    Ever since Juli showed a fifth grader how to work a unit-conversion problem when she was seventeen, she has known that God has gifted her to teach.  She has also known that her gift does not rely on her power—that same fifth grader got the problem wrong because of Juli’s dyslexia!

    A gift of teaching that is bare of content does no one good, so God also gave Juli a long list of hobbies and interests: handwork of almost every description, quilting, clothing design and construction, gardening, cuisine experimentation, music (Renaissance through Classical mostly, though she does enjoy bluegrass and some contemporary stuff like soundtracks), history, philosophy, theology, literature (nothing that flaunts itself as “modern”), and a little bit of politics.

    Juli is the oldest of seven.  She currently lives with a family of twelve, minus the five who are married or working elsewhere, and teaches the three junior-high and high-school members at the part-time co-op run by this family.  The post at PHC Prep Academy is her fourth teaching adventure.

    AP World History

    Master Teacher: Douglas Favelo, PhD

    McGovern Master Teacher

    Douglas Favelo, PhD

    M.A. in Classics, Ph.D in History, UCLA
    B.A. and M.A. in History, California State University Fresno

    Dr. Douglas Favelo teaches Patrick Henry College’s core history of western civilization courses as well as upper division courses in history. Prior to coming to PHC in 2010, he served as a Lecturer for ten years in the Department of Modern and Classical Languages and Literature at California State University Fresno, teaching history, literature, and Latin. In July 2010 he helped lead and teach a UCLA study-abroad program in Rome. During his doctoral studies at UCLA, the largest history graduate program in the nation, he was ranked number one all four years. He specializes in Greek and Roman history and literature; his research interests include Italian resistance to the expansion of Rome and the lives of the Christian desert monks of late Roman Egypt.

    Dr. Favelo has been heavily involved in the classical education scene for many years, and also in the homeschool community. He has taught hundreds of homeschooled students Latin, Greek, history, and literature, and has spoken at conferences on homeschooling.

    Dr. Favelo lives with his wife and two children in Loudoun County, Virginia. His passion is to facilitate students’ intellectual and spiritual development, primarily through the medium of a rigorous, Biblically-centered classical education, to the greater glory of God.


    Classroom Teacher: Brian Trimmer

    McGovern Classroom Teacher

    Brian Trimmer, MA

    MA, Pepperdine University
    BA, Columbia Christian College

    Mr. Trimmer teaches AP World History classes through Patrick Henry College Preparatory Academy’s online program.  In addition to teaching human society, culture, and development, Mr. Trimmer highlights Christian worldview and God’s continuing hand in shaping the course of human history.  Mr. Trimmer currently teaches World and U.S. History at Oaks Christian School in Westlake Village California.  In addition to his BA and MA in history, Mr. Trimmer earned a teaching credential through California Lutheran University.  He has been a classroom teacher for twelve years.

    Brian Trimmer has published three history-related articles on Google’s Knol informational website.  Two of these articles are chapters straight from his Master’s thesis: Defenders of the West, the History of Naval Airstation Tillamook.  He has also achieved expert author status on EzineArticles with eleven feature articles on entrepreneurship and home-based business.  He and his wife Heather have begun a successful home-based business.

    God has given Brian and Heather three children, all of whom are currently homeschooled.